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BIOCHEMISTRY
Clinical biochemistry deals with the measurement of analytes, which aims to diagnose and monitor various diseases. This department includes a large number of diagnostic tests that help understand the pathogenesis and etiology of different diseases. It is essential for the early diagnosis of a disease and also assessment of its therapeutic efficacy.
IMMUNOLOGY/ SEROLOGY
Immunology tests deal with the detection of antigens and antibodies present in the blood in response to a particular pathogen. These tests are used in infectious diseases, cancers, organ transplantation, and autoimmune disorders.
HEMATOLOGY
Haematology is a branch of medicine concerning the study of blood, blood-forming organs such as bone marrow, and blood-related disorders and diseases. Hematological tests are used to detect and diagnose diseases such as haemophilia, anaemia, leukemia, sickle-cell anemia, lymphomas, and several infections.
PATHOLOGY
Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, and tissues using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology, and molecular pathology.
MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology is the study of the biology of microscopic organisms - viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, slime molds, and protozoa. The methods used to study and manipulate these minute and mostly unicellular organisms differ from those used in most other biological investigations.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
The study of molecular biology will establish a strong foundation on the fundamental importance of macromolecular mechanisms such as replication, transcription, translation and other cellular functions. The more commonly used molecular biology techniques include- Polymerase Chain Reaction, Electrophoresis, Restriction Digestion, Blotting, Cloning, etc.
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Histopathology is the diagnosis and study of diseases of the tissues, and involves examining tissues and/or cells under a microscope. Histopathologists are responsible for making tissue diagnoses and helping clinicians manage a patient’s care.
CYTOLOGY
Cytology (cytopathology) is a branch, or subspecialty, of pathology. In medicine, pathology deals with the laboratory examination of cells in samples of body tissue or fluids for diagnostic purposes.